Distinctly African features attributed to Luzia were wrong view more. The history of the peopling of the Americas has just been interpreted afresh. The largest and most comprehensive study ever conducted on the basis of fossil DNA extracted from ancient human remains found on the continent has confirmed the existence of a single ancestral population for all Amerindian ethnic groups, past and present. Over 17, years ago this original contingent crossed the Bering Strait from Siberia to Alaska and began peopling the New World. Fossil DNA shows an affinity between this migratory current and the populations of Siberia and northern China. Contrary to the traditional theory it had no link to Africa or Australasia. The new study also reveals that once they had settled in North America the descendants of this ancestral migratory flow diversified into two lineages some 16, years ago. The members of one lineage crossed the Isthmus of Panama and peopled South America in three distinct consecutive waves. The first wave occurred between 15, and 11, years ago. The second took place at most 9, years ago. There are fossil DNA records from both migrations throughout South America. The third wave is much more recent but its influence is limited as it occurred 4, years ago. Its members settled in the Central Andes. According to the researchers' findings, the lineage that made the north-south journey between 16, and brazilian dating culture, years ago belonged to the Clovis culture, named for a group of archeological sites excavated in the western US and dating from 13, years ago. The Clovis culture was so named when flint spearheads were found in the s at a dig in Clovis, New Mexico. Clovis sites have been identified throughout the US and in Mexico and Central America. In North America, the Clovis people hunted Pleistocene megafaunas such as giant sloth and mammoth. With the decline of the megafauna and its extinction 11, years ago, the Clovis culture eventually disappeared. Long before that, however, bands of hunter-gatherers had traveled south to explore new hunting grounds. They ended up settling in Central America, as evidenced by 9,year-old human fossil DNA found in Belize and analyzed in the new study. At a later date, perhaps while pursuing herds of mastodons, Clovis hunter-gatherers crossed the Isthmus of Panama and spread into South America, as evidenced by genetic records from burial sites in Brazil and Chile revealed now. This genetic evidence corroborates well-known archeological finds such as the Monte Verde site in southern Chile, where humans butchered mastodons 14, years ago. Among the many known Clovis sites, the only burial site associated with Clovis tools is in Montana, where the remains of a baby boy Anzick-1 were found and dated to 12, years ago. DNA extracted from these bones has links to DNA from skeletons of people who lived between 10, and 9, brazilian dating culture ago in caves near Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In other words, the Lagoa Santa people were partial descendants of Clovis migrants from North America. All living Amerindians are descendants of this first wave. We don't yet know why the genetic stock of the Lagoa Santa people disappeared. One possible reason for the disappearance of DNA from the second migration is brazilian dating culture it was diluted in the DNA of the Amerindians who are descendants of the first wave and cannot be identified by existing methods of genetic analysis. Luzia's people disappeared and were replaced by the Amerindians alive today, although both had a common origin in Beringia," Hünemeier said. The Brazilian researchers' contribution to the study was fundamental. Among the 49 individuals from which fossil DNA was taken, seven skeletons dated to between 10, and 9, years ago came from Lapa do Santo, a rock shelter in Lagoa Santa. The seven skeletons, alongside dozens of brazilian dating culture, were found and exhumed in successive archeological campaigns at the site, led initially by Walter Alves Nevesa physical anthropologist at IB-USP, and since by Strauss. Altogether the new study investigated fossil DNA from 49 individuals found at 15 archeological sites in Argentina two sites, 11 individuals dated to between 8, and 6, years agoBelize one site, three individuals dated to between 9, and 7, years agoBrazil four sites, 15 individuals dated to between 10, and 1, years agoChile three sites, five individuals dated to between 11, and years ago and Peru seven sites, 15 individuals dated to brazilian dating culture 10, and years ago. These skeletons were found between and From the start, they presented a complex mixture of coastal and inland cultural traits, and the results of their analysis generally varied except in the case of one skeleton diagnosed as Paleoindian analysis of its DNA is not yet complete. Hünemeier has also recently made a significant contribution to the reconstruction of human history in South America using paleogenomics. Not all the human remains found at some of the most ancient archeological sites in Central and South America belonged to genetic descendants of the Clovis culture.
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